Crystalloid and Colloid Fluids

2 Colloids have a higher molecular weight and osmotic pressure which slows passage across. Author Rinaldo Bellomo 1.

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Colloid fluids are the more effective plasma volume expanders over time whereas the crystalloids markedly expand the plasma volume only during the infusion and for 30 min thereafter.

. Saline with small molecules which can move around easily when injected into the body. Almost the entire volume is retained within the vascular space after 1 hour. According to biologic rationale ongoing fluid losses should be replaced to maintain fluid homeostasis and relative or absolute deficiencies in circulating blood volume should be prevented.

Therefore crystalloids are shown to be useful for fluid replacement or maintaining fluid balance in the short term only. Crystalloids have small molecules are cheap easy to use and provide immediate fluid resuscitation but may increase oedema. Colloid solutions broadly partitioned into synthetic fluids such as hetastarch and natural such as albumin exert a high oncotic pressure and thus expand volume.

Colloids quickly restore plasma volume along with stabilizing hemodynamics. An overview of the differences in composition properties indications and contraindications of various crystalloids and colloids including normal saline. Crystalloid or colloid for goal-directed fluid therapy in colorectal surgery.

There is no evidence of a benefit in using HES over crystalloid despite its use resulting in a lower 24 h fluid balance. 52 When considering the different study populations the ratios varied between 100 8 and 226 6 for severe. Crystalloids and colloids are the primary options for intravenous fluid resuscitation.

Balanced crystalloid salt solutions are the most commonly used perioperative fluids because they are inexpensive readily available and relatively nontoxic. Crystalloid fluids will demonstrate an early marked plasma expansion which is short lived but can be maintained by using a colloid as well Webb 1999. The crystalloidcolloid ratio varied between 089 41 and 474 33 in 23 cohorts on albumin 084 21 and 399 36 in 35 cohorts on starches 100 25 and 280 14 in 11 cohorts on gelatins 212 14 in the 1 cohort on dextran and 150 in 1 cohort with a mixture of colloids.

Crystalloids fluids such as normal saline typically have a balanced electrolyte composition and expand total extracellular volume. Colloids and crystalloids are types of fluids that are used for fluid replacement often intravenously via a tube straight into the blood. However only 8 percent of infused water and less than 25 percent of infused saline are retained in intravascular fluid compartments after 1 hour.

Therefore a common observation is that the amount of fluid infused is greater when a crystalloid is used. 1 However crystalloid solutions start to leave the intravascular space within minutes and thereafter provide little hemodynamic support. Milk Shampoo Gemstones and Foam rubber are examples of Colloid systems.

However the main reasons. Crystalloids are low-cost salt solutions eg. Greater fluid volumes are required to meet the same targets with crystalloids than with colloids with an estimated ratio of 15 136-165 but there is marked heterogeneity among studies.

Goal-directed fluid therapy is possible with either crystalloid or HES. The crystalloidcolloid ratio seems to have decreased over the years and differences in ratios are correlated with the concentration of albumin solutions. Crystalloid systems are used in medication.

When using crystalloids for resuscitation two to four times as much fluid is. Colloids have larger molecules cost more and may provide swifter volume expansion in the intravascular space but may induce allergic reactions blood clotting disorders and kidney failure. Intravenous Fluids Saline Sugar solutions are examples of Crystalloid.

Collodi systems are used in paint industry food industry perfume industry and various other industrial applications.

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